IAPS 2022 retakes climate change, its challenges and impacts as a major issue in current societies. It assumes that the increasingly visible and unavoidable impacts of a changing climate are already recasting several dimensions of our way of living and that additional knowledge is needed of in-motion transitions as well as innovative arrangements to tackle this central issue. Portugal is at the forefront of sustainable interventions and innovations in several domains, such as renewable energy generation, nature-based solutions, and biodiversity conservation. The environmental conflicts reveal that we need greater reflection, discussion and solutions in three interrelated areas: governance, sustainability and consumption. However, both Portuguese urban and rural environments are producing some of the most important and heated current debates concerning people-environment studies, namely regarding gentrification and touristification; the low carbon transition; and adaptation to climate change (e.g., sea-level rise; loss of biodiversity).